otterfamily: (Default)
2008-08-20 04:21 am

Otters!!!

Arriving at the pier last night with out-of-town company, I was surprised to find unequivocal sign right away that at least one otter had visited the dock that very day. There were two very fresh fish scraps – and only two – on top of one of the pontoon floats under the dock. Only an otter could have put them there, and not just any otter, but one that was familiar with the pier structure. I was very excited! One of the natives had obviously returned!

So for the first time this summer, I went into active otter-spotting mode. Scanning the headland, I noticed a new path in the brush at the main den site that was just as wide as an otter's body, and saw signs that a second den entrance had been used recently, too. Then, about twenty minutes later, I saw movement out of the corner of my eye, and to my amazed delight, I saw not one but five otters walking down the crag of the main den towards the water: three adult-sized individuals, and two pups-of-the-year. (It was the largest assemblage of otters I've seen here in six years.)

It was after sunset already, so I had to rely on behaviors alone to figure out who I was looking at. To make a long story short, after witnessing all the various interactions, I believe the group was comprised of Mother, Pup (now a yearling, and evidently a female – yay!), a new male and female pup, and Slick! (I'm now convinced more than ever that he is the father of all of the youngsters.) I don't know where they've been for the last 8-1/2 months, but obviously, they're all alive and well and doing fine!

With such a long absence, I know I still don't have a study anymore, but at least it has a happier ending now than it did before, and my otter-starved soul is whole once again. :-)

 

otterfamily: (Default)
2007-12-09 11:11 pm
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Mother and Pup images

It turned out that my 3-1/2 min. video clip of Mother and Pup that I took in June is the only photographic record I have of them thus far. So over the weekend I did some screengrabs of the best individual frames from the whole video. And here they are...


















That last one is the only decent frame that shows both of their faces together. Pup is just barely visible to the left of Mother...

 

otterfamily: (Default)
2007-12-05 01:16 pm
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Grist for Nature's mill

My study was originally about the behavioral development of young otters, so the focus of my attention was mostly on the pups. There's hardly anything cuter than a baby otter, and watching them grow up was the joy of my life back then. However, it also brought me the most sorrow.

You see, from 1983-2006, I studied 58 otter pups from 29 litters, and no fewer than 35 died within their first 10 months of life: a 60% infant mortality rate. A young otter's first year of independence was also a deadly period: counting that second year of life, 43/58 (73%) were dead before reaching sexual maturity at age 2. So during that 23-year period, only 15 (1 out of 4) of the young I studied survived to adulthood - 6 females, and 9 males.

What kills so many young otters? In the first few weeks, it was mostly falls down the cliffs where the females had their nursery dens. Later on, crushing injuries caused by the dock platforms and ramps took a regular toll. Many young otters were killed by human cruelty, being intentionally hooked by people fishing at the pier.

All of these deaths were tragic to me, but nothing prepared me for the infanticides. Around 20% of the otter babies born here over the years were either abandoned to die by their mother, or were intentionally slain by elder female relatives. These internecine killings had devastating consequences. In fact, it was the murder of one yearling female by her elder sister in 1992 that set in motion the chain of events that resulted in all 3 adult females here dying within a fortnight, and continuing episodes of infanticide through succeeding years ultimately caused the extinction of the entire matrilineage.

Before the infanticides started, reproduction was sufficient to compensate for the man-caused mortalities, but after the otters started killing their own young, the population crashed, and it never recovered. Of Old Mama's 54 descendants born over a period of 23 years, only one, Slick, remains alive today.

So can you perhaps understand why this story is such a difficult one to tell? So much death, so much tragedy, and I'll say it... so much evil. Do you think the world really wants to know that otters are capable of such unspeakable acts?

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Here's a PDF file listing all of the pups I've studied and some statistics on their survival and mortality: download link.

 

otterfamily: (Default)
2007-11-11 01:06 am
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Lucky!

Took a chance going to the pier in the rain yesterday and was rewarded with a sighting of Mother and Pup! Hadn't seen them since October 5, so I was very pleased. Fifteen minutes earlier or later and I would have missed them, so it really was perfect timing.

Saw Slick a week ago, too, all on his own. He is a very large otterguy now! At 5 years of age, he's in the absolute prime of life, and he totally looks it. His mom and grandma would be truly proud. I know I am!

 

otterfamily: (Default)
2007-10-05 04:17 am
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It's a boy

It took me all summer, but it's finally confirmed - Mother's pup is a male. I'd been hoping it'd be a female, of course, but that's alright. At least there's a competent young mother otter residing along this stretch of coast again. I'm certain she'll produce many daughters here in the years to come.

Now to come up with a name for the not-so-little boy. I want to give him a handle that refers to his enormous size, but the most logical name - "Giant" - is already taken (he was Little Mama's littermate brother). I would also like to come up with a name that isn't lame, like most I've chosen over the years. ;-) Anybody got any suggestions?

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I also saw something yesterday I've never seen before. A harbor seal touched Mother's tail with his nose while she was eating on a rock. Normally skittsy Mother wasn't fazed by the contact at all, which suggests to me that it's happened before; I just wasn't here to note it. I've seen otters initiate contact with seals many times in the past, but I can't remember a seal making an initial overture before. Anyway, right after that, the pup saw the seal and he dove in to play with the pinniped! I have seen that happen before, but only a tiny handful of times. I guess the kid's just desperate for playmates; he being an "only child," after all.

And when Mother and pup were done, they went up into a den I call "Flower Crag." F/c was one of the otters' principal dens during the '80s and early '90s, but it was essentially abandoned after the debacle of 1992. Little Mama never used it for her family over the years. Interesting that this new mother has apparently re-discovered it on her own. Or maybe not on her own, as a few minutes after Mo+1 went up into the brush, a third otter - putatively Slick - ran up the path and joined them inside. I'm sure it was Slick who "taught" Mother about his den at the Girls' Crag, so I guess it's reasonable to assume he tipped her off about Flower Crag, too.

 

otterfamily: (Default)
2007-10-02 04:12 am
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They're back!

Mother and the pup have returned! I saw them both briefly just after sunset yesterday. The pup is huge; quite possibly the largest of its age I've ever seen. I got a good look at it in profile last night, too, and I saw a little droop where the penis tip should be, so I'm now about 90% sure the pup is a male. I'll still have to wait and see him actually pee before I can be sure, though. Hopefully they will stay here for a while this time around.

 

otterfamily: (Default)
2007-08-29 10:35 pm
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Three Otters Together!

I saw three otters exit the Girls Den together this evening! It was about 20 minutes after sunset, though, so I couldn't get positive IDs, but I'm certain two of them were Mother and the pup, and parsimony makes it likely that Slick was #3. The pup is also huge for his age, which means he's probably a male. *sighs* Too dark to tell for sure, though. The group was very cohesive, and Mother was as vigilant as ever. And the pup was obviously happy to have a playmate tag along! There's a remote possibility the third otter was Nova, but it's a very remote one. I think Nova would have joined the family dyad two months ago if she and Mother were really mother and daughter.

I hope this group sticks together! Better for all their safety if they do, and most especially for the pup.

 

otterfamily: (Default)
2007-07-25 12:04 pm
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Mother's back!

Got to watch Slick for a nice long time yesterday evening. Then, just as he was returning home, I saw Mother and her pup for the first time in 6 weeks! I knew if the pup lived that I'd see her again, and for once, I was right. And more good news – I think the pup might be a female!

Now that Slick's fur is grizzling with age, I was struck by how much he resembles his grandmother. The way he looks, the way he moves, it was almost like I was watching Little Mama again. Unfortunately, he's also acting a bit recklessly like his grandma used to, too, loitering around fishermen for handouts. I don't like to see that sort of thing, but there's nothing I can really do about it.

Mother and pup were too far away to take a picture, but here's one of Slick last night peering out from his hidey-hole.


 

otterfamily: (Default)
2007-06-27 01:32 am
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Gone again

Unfortunately, I haven't seen the new family in 3 weeks. It's clear to me now that the mother's not going to raise her pup here at the harbor; she's obviously gone back to wherever it was she came from. I'm so disappointed. For 8 all-too-short days, I had genuine hopes that this would turn out to be a normal summer, with a new mother and babies in the bay, but that wasn't to be. Now, even the males are gone again. It's the last week of June, and there are no otters here. That always feels so eerie, going there this time of year and not seeing them or their sign anywhere.

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I don't usually process my research videos until I finish filling up a tape, but I went ahead and extracted the single clip I was able to take of the new family and put it up on YouTube so I could at least prove their existence to you:



That was taken June 6, my 24th anniversary of seeing my first otter here. I hope it won't be the last time I get to see an otter baby, but just in case it is, at least I have a video remembrance of those few precious moments...

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For the first time, the tribe that owns the pier has assigned a security guard to patrol the place overnight. (It's about time!) Anyway, I quickly befriended Billy and got him interested in the otters. So far, he's only seen the critters once, but that one observation of his might turn out to be the single most important discovery of the year.

At 2:45AM on the 14th, Billy saw two adult-sized otters run up from the boat launcher's beach, then run across the parking lot toward Trinidad State Beach. The arrow shows the route of what could only have been the 2 males.



This is such an ingenious shortcut because it makes it possible for the harbor otters to get to State Beach much quicker and with much less metabolic cost than if they had to swim around the entire perimeter of Trinidad Head. I've long suspected that the otters could do this, but I had zero evidence that they actually did do this until Billy saw it the other night. For the next week, there were no new scats on the dock, kind of proving in reverse that the males were away.

The males leaving together for State Beach and staying there also suggests to me that that is where the new mother is from, and where she and her pup are now. Unfortunately, the expanse of State Beach makes it almost impossible to track them there. That's a dangerous place to raise a baby otter, though. Many otters have died from dog attacks on State Beach over the years. Not that Trinidad harbor isn't dangerous, but at least here, they can minimize their contact with people and dogs...

 

otterfamily: (Default)
2007-06-07 12:40 am
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25th summer

My 25th summer of otter watching officially began yesterday, and it was a very happy beginning, indeed. First, I confirmed that Slick really is back home! He's 5 now, and seeing him up close for the first time in months, I noted that his fur's starting to get a little grizzled-looking around his head and neck, which befits his entry into otter middle age. I still find myself calling him "The Kid" when I dictate my notes, though. Old habits die hard!

I was also happy that I got to spend over an hour watching the new mom and baby. I have to tell you – it is SO GREAT to see a mother here who is truly competent. I haven't seen the likes of this female in the last 15 summers. In terms of her maternal behavior, the new mom is truly a reincarnation of Old Mama. She's focused like a laser beam on her motherly duties. And I'm still just totally blown away by how much she looks (and acts) like Scarnose. Scar left no descendants, though, so the new mother can't be directly related, but I've long suspected that most if not all of the individuals presently living along the coast north of Little River ultimately derive from the same bloodline dating back to the 1950s, when otters recolonized the area. I really do wish I could find out exactly where this mom came from and how she was related to Old Mama's matrilineage, but I know that's impossible to determine with certitude. Whatever, I'm just so glad she's here!

I still haven't thunk up a name for her, though. No clue yet what sex the baby is, either. I'm hoping for a female, of course. And for siblings! It's still not too late for others to appear...

 

otterfamily: (Default)
2007-05-29 09:04 pm
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A new mom and a baby!

I went to Trinidad this evening for the first time in 6 days, and found no new scats whatsoever. Very disheartening. Took my dog for a walk up the head, then returned to the pier about a half hour later.

I glanced over near Halfway Crag, and I was surprised to see an otter swimming right next to the rocks (my first sighting since 4/13). Then I saw a second much smaller otter literally climbing on the back of the first one. I knew what that meant but I could hardly believe it. I raised my binoculars, and uttered "Oh my god," when I saw that it was indeed a mother otter and a new baby!

After just a few seconds, I could tell the female was NOT Nova. This was a full-grown otter, at least 4 years old, and from the way she was attending to her baby, she was obviously an experienced mother. The mom and pup swam toward the pier for a short time; long enough for me to get a good look at the mother's face. She had a clearly visible white crescent over her upper lip, and the pup was plain-faced.

I got to watch them for about 15 minutes total when the mother took her pup up Den Crag, and dragged it by the scruff up into the brush and out of sight. Good mom! Wow, I could hardly believe it. I'd just made up my mind that it was all over at Trinidad, when this miraculous apparition appeared! I never thought I'd see a baby otter again, or a mother with pups. I am so happy I was wrong!

I'll miss Nova, though. I was just getting to know her. Now that there's a mother otter in residence here, though, I'm sure I'll never see her again...

 

otterfamily: (Default)
2006-06-13 01:12 pm
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"One-Eye"

In my last posting, Oliver followed up with a comment speculating that "Probably, I hope, they have more female cousins up and down the coast, carrying on the same mitochondria as Old Mama." There's actually a fair possibility that's true. There was one–and only one–female from my study population over the last 20 years who I knew had dispersed and survived to adulthood.

Meet "One-Eye":




One-Eye was one of three females born to Old Mama in 1990, and the only survivor of that litter. When she became a yearling, her elder sister, Mama Junior, expelled her from the family territory. I don't know exactly where One-Eye went, but every once in a while in 1991 and 1992, the Trinidad family would go away for a few days, and while they were gone, One-Eye would suddenly show up here again. I speculated that the family must have travelled to wherever it was One-Eye was living in exile, so she had to come back here to escape from Junior.

The screenshot above was taken the very last time I saw One-Eye. She was then an adult of breeding age. Females finally understand the concept of territory at age 2, so it's no wonder I never saw One-Eye again. From then on, she would stand her ground against any female interloper. Then, starting in the mid-90s, some new males joined the Trinidad population, and interestingly, at least some of them had "the family resemblance," and I thought maybe, just maybe, they were either sons or grandsons of One-Eye.

Unfortunately, I don't have any evidence of there being another family group now on this stretch of coast. The last time a new male joined the local clan was 2 years ago, and the last stranger I noted in the area was a 1- to 2-year-old female I found dead on a nearby beach, also 2 years ago. She had the family resemblance, too. I felt very badly about that dead young female. By then, my own Little Mama had ceased her reproductive cycle, and Scoots: well, I never could count on her keeping her pups. Alive, that strange female at least presented some possibility that somewhere along the coast there might be another family group cranking out otter babies. But there's no evidence that is the case now. The closest known otter family now is at Patrick's Point, about 20 linear shoreline kilometers north of Trinidad - too far distant to be a source of new females for this stretch of coast in the near future.

(PS: One-Eye did, in fact, have two eyes. It's just that when she was a youngster, she injured the cornea of her left eye which turned a milky white for several weeks. That became her most identifiable feature, and instead of calling her "The pup with one white eye," I just called her "One-Eye" for short.)

 

otterfamily: (Default)
2006-05-11 02:20 am
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Welcome new friends

I want to welcome those who've recently friended my otter blog. Having a decent number of interested readers now will give me more reason to post. I was going to formally debut this journal last spring, but as events transpired, the otters gave me little or nothing substantive to write about in 2005.

I truly pray Scoots will keep her babies this year! The main reason for the population's decline over the past decade is its 90%+ pup mortality rate. In fact, Scoots's son from 2002 is the only offspring born in the last 9 years who has survived to adulthood. Year after year, the population is growing older and individuals are dying off without being replaced by new young. Inevitably, this will result in a local extinction. Scoots has this year and maybe next to produce a female heir, or it is all over for the otter population at Trinidad Bay?

 

otterfamily: (Default)
2006-05-05 11:14 pm
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Scoots has babies!

Scoots has been looking awfully ragged since she returned. She's abnormally thin, and her fur is in terrible shape. Now I know why. The old girl has new babies! This evening, I saw her enter a den that is used exclusively as a nursery for newborns. This is great news! Now if Scoots will only decide to keep them this year. I can only hope. Literally. All I can do is hope...